| 知乎专栏 ｜ 多维度架构 |
cd ~ mkdir -p ethereum cd ethereum
创建文件 genesis.json
{
"nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
"difficulty": "0x020000",
"mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp": "0x00",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
"gasLimit": "0x4c4b40",
"config": {
"chainId": 15,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"alloc": { }
}
mixhash: 与nonce配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的hash。注意他和nonce的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。.
nonce: nonce就是一个64位随机数，用于挖矿，注意他和mixhash的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。
difficulty: 设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，cpu挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度
alloc: 用来预置账号以及账号的以太币数量，因为私有链挖矿比较容易，所以我们不需要预置有币的账号，需要的时候自己创建即可以。
coinbase: 矿工的账号，随便填
timestamp: 设置创世块的时间戳
parentHash: 上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0
extraData: 附加信息，随便填，可以填你的个性信息
gasLimit: 该值设置对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们是私有链，所以填最大。
初始化创世区块
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth init genesis.json WARN [01-19|17:35:17] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default INFO [01-19|17:35:17] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [01-19|17:35:17] Writing custom genesis block INFO [01-19|17:35:17] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=611596…424d04 INFO [01-19|17:35:17] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [01-19|17:35:18] Writing custom genesis block INFO [01-19|17:35:18] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=611596…424d04
默认目录是 /home/neo/.ethereum/ 你可以通过 --datadir 参数指定目录
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth --datadir data init genesis.json WARN [01-19|17:38:16] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default INFO [01-19|17:38:16] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/ethereum/data/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [01-19|17:38:17] Writing custom genesis block INFO [01-19|17:38:17] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=611596…424d04 INFO [01-19|17:38:17] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/ethereum/data/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [01-19|17:38:17] Writing custom genesis block INFO [01-19|17:38:17] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=611596…424d04 neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % find data data data/keystore data/geth data/geth/chaindata data/geth/chaindata/LOCK data/geth/chaindata/LOG data/geth/chaindata/MANIFEST-000000 data/geth/chaindata/CURRENT data/geth/chaindata/000001.log data/geth/lightchaindata data/geth/lightchaindata/LOCK data/geth/lightchaindata/LOG data/geth/lightchaindata/MANIFEST-000000 data/geth/lightchaindata/CURRENT data/geth/lightchaindata/000001.log
目录结构
data ├── geth │ ├── chaindata │ │ ├── 000001.log │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ ├── LOG │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000 │ └── lightchaindata │ ├── 000001.log │ ├── CURRENT │ ├── LOCK │ ├── LOG │ └── MANIFEST-000000 └── keystore
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth account new
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {39211a30bfe33d4b12fcbd786472c8a552b93389}
![[提示]](/graphics/tip.png) | 提示 |
|---|---|
密码可以直接回车，但是后面 Ethereum Wallet 遇到了麻烦， Ethereum Wallet 要求密码必须是8为数 |
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth --networkid 123456 --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --nodiscover console
WARN [01-19|17:47:06] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Engine: unknown}"
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/home/neo/.ethash count=2
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=123456
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Loaded local transaction journal transactions=0 dropped=0
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] Starting P2P networking
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] RLPx listener up self="enode://9f6490ffb5236f2ddc5710ae73d47c740e0a3644bbd2d67029cf4a6c4693d2f470b642fd2cc3507f7e851df60aaeb730a1270b7a477f91ec5b6b17a8a4b40527@[::]:30303?discport=0"
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] IPC endpoint opened: /home/neo/.ethereum/geth.ipc
INFO [01-19|17:47:06] HTTP endpoint opened: http://127.0.0.1:8545
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
> INFO [01-19|17:47:09] Mapped network port proto=tcp extport=30303 intport=30303 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"
identity: 区块链的标示，随便填写，用于标示目前网络的名字
init: 指定创世块文件的位置，并创建初始块
datadir: 设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置
port: 网络监听端口
rpc: 启动rpc通信，可以进行智能合约的部署和调试
rpcapi: 设置允许连接的rpc的客户端，一般为db,eth,net,web3
networkid: 设置当前区块链的网络ID，用于区分不同的网络，是一个数字
console: 启动命令行模式，可以在Geth中执行命令
> miner.start(1)
这里的1表示只使用一个线程运行,第一次运行时将开始创建DAG文件，只需等待进度条到100，则将开始挖矿。 实际你看到的挖矿速度很快，这是因为我们已经在初始化创世区块时配置为:"nonce": "0x0000000000000042"。 “0x42”难度能让你在私有测试网链上快速挖以太币。
| 提示 |
|---|---|
挖矿时必然有矿工账户，而系统默认使用创建的第一个账号。 |
> miner.start(1) INFO [01-19|21:06:43] Updated mining threads threads=1 INFO [01-19|21:06:43] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000 INFO [01-19|21:06:43] Starting mining operation null > INFO [01-19|21:06:43] Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=717.552µs INFO [01-19|21:06:46] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=0 percentage=91 elapsed=3.000s INFO [01-19|21:06:46] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=0 elapsed=3.273s INFO [01-19|21:06:51] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=0 elapsed=5.056s INFO [01-19|21:06:56] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=1 elapsed=10.140s INFO [01-19|21:07:01] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=2 elapsed=15.119s INFO [01-19|21:07:06] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=3 elapsed=19.924s INFO [01-19|21:07:11] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=4 elapsed=24.739s INFO [01-19|21:07:16] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=5 elapsed=29.473s INFO [01-19|21:07:22] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=6 elapsed=35.641s INFO [01-19|21:07:26] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=7 elapsed=40.374s INFO [01-19|21:07:31] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=8 elapsed=45.134s INFO [01-19|21:07:36] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=9 elapsed=49.908s INFO [01-19|21:07:41] Generating DAG in progress epoch=0 percentage=10 elapsed=54.633s ...... ...... ...... INFO [01-19|21:22:43] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=0 elapsed=15m57.328s INFO [01-19|21:22:47] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=1 percentage=17 elapsed=3.031s INFO [01-19|21:22:50] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=1 percentage=34 elapsed=6.056s INFO [01-19|21:22:53] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=1 percentage=49 elapsed=9.562s INFO [01-19|21:22:57] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=1 percentage=70 elapsed=13.115s INFO [01-19|21:23:00] Generating ethash verification cache epoch=1 percentage=90 elapsed=16.123s INFO [01-19|21:23:01] Generated ethash verification cache epoch=1 elapsed=17.576s INFO [01-19|21:23:19] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=0 elapsed=18.198s INFO [01-19|21:23:32] Successfully sealed new block number=1 hash=e2b5b9…9b1bfe INFO [01-19|21:23:32] 🔨 mined potential block number=1 hash=e2b5b9…9b1bfe INFO [01-19|21:23:32] Commit new mining work number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.188ms INFO [01-19|21:23:37] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=1 elapsed=35.913s INFO [01-19|21:23:41] Successfully sealed new block number=2 hash=62db3f…e27b50 INFO [01-19|21:23:41] 🔨 mined potential block number=2 hash=62db3f…e27b50 INFO [01-19|21:23:41] Commit new mining work number=3 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=772.239µs INFO [01-19|21:23:43] Successfully sealed new block number=3 hash=34384b…c387f2 INFO [01-19|21:23:43] 🔨 mined potential block number=3 hash=34384b…c387f2 INFO [01-19|21:23:43] Commit new mining work number=4 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.002ms INFO [01-19|21:23:55] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=2 elapsed=53.757s INFO [01-19|21:24:13] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=3 elapsed=1m11.561s INFO [01-19|21:24:30] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=4 elapsed=1m28.986s INFO [01-19|21:24:30] Successfully sealed new block number=4 hash=681970…462135 INFO [01-19|21:24:30] 🔨 mined potential block number=4 hash=681970…462135 INFO [01-19|21:24:30] Commit new mining work number=5 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=833.629µs INFO [01-19|21:24:36] Successfully sealed new block number=5 hash=7b058b…d2f07a INFO [01-19|21:24:36] 🔨 mined potential block number=5 hash=7b058b…d2f07a INFO [01-19|21:24:36] Commit new mining work number=6 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=897.815µs INFO [01-19|21:24:43] Successfully sealed new block number=6 hash=a5fc3d…b1221e INFO [01-19|21:24:43] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=1 hash=e2b5b9…9b1bfe INFO [01-19|21:24:43] 🔨 mined potential block number=6 hash=a5fc3d…b1221e INFO [01-19|21:24:43] Commit new mining work number=7 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=758.061µs INFO [01-19|21:24:47] Successfully sealed new block number=7 hash=003b02…e886fd INFO [01-19|21:24:47] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=2 hash=62db3f…e27b50 INFO [01-19|21:24:47] 🔨 mined potential block number=7 hash=003b02…e886fd INFO [01-19|21:24:47] Commit new mining work number=8 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=920.862µs INFO [01-19|21:24:48] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=5 elapsed=1m46.827s INFO [01-19|21:25:06] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=6 elapsed=2m4.338s INFO [01-19|21:25:23] Successfully sealed new block number=8 hash=fd23c9…361c65 INFO [01-19|21:25:23] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=3 hash=34384b…c387f2 INFO [01-19|21:25:23] 🔨 mined potential block number=8 hash=fd23c9…361c65 INFO [01-19|21:25:23] Commit new mining work number=9 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=825.737µs INFO [01-19|21:25:23] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=7 elapsed=2m22.061s