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数据库必须是归档模式，使用下面SQL查询当前数据库模式
SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 66 Next log sequence to archive 68 Current log sequence 68
如果已经是归档模式可跳过此步,下面是切换服务器到归档模式的方法：
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus /nolog (启动sqlplus) SQL> conn / as sysdba (以DBA身份连接数据库) SQL> shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库) SQL> startup mount (启动实例并加载数据库，但不打开) SQL> alter database archivelog; (更改数据库为归档模式) SQL> alter database open; (打开数据库) SQL> alter system archive log start; (启用自动归档) SQL> exit (退出)
rman 采用块备份，查看块信息使用下面SQL语句
select * from dba_extents
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup format='/opt/oracle/backup/%d_%N_%s.bk' tablespace users;
release channel d1;
}
下面让我来演示给你看
[oracle@oracle ~]$ mkdir /opt/oracle/backup
[oracle@oracle ~]$ rman target sys/passw0rd nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 13 12:03:20 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: WCSDB (DBID=2970836713)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup format='/opt/oracle/backup/%d_%N_%s.bk' tablespace users;
release channel d1;
} 2> 3> 4> 5>
allocated channel: d1
channel d1: SID=36 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 13-JUN-11
channel d1: starting full datafile backup set
channel d1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/wcsdb/users01.dbf
channel d1: starting piece 1 at 13-JUN-11
channel d1: finished piece 1 at 13-JUN-11
piece handle=/opt/oracle/backup/WCSDB_USERS_1.bk tag=TAG20110613T120325 comment=NONE
channel d1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-JUN-11
released channel: d1
RMAN>
查看备份结果
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 1.30M DISK 00:00:01 13-JUN-11
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110613T120325
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/backup/WCSDB_USERS_1.bk
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 1561686 13-JUN-11 /opt/oracle/oradata/wcsdb/users01.dbf
备份目录下面是刚刚生成的备份文件
$ ls /opt/oracle/backup WCSDB_USERS_1.bk
例 78.3. full backup
# crontab -u oracle -l 0 1 * * * /opt/oracle/rman/backup.sh
# cat .bash_profile export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib # cat /opt/oracle/rman/backup.sh rman target sys/passw0rd@orcl msglog=/opt/oracle/rman/log/`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`.log cmdfile=/opt/oracle/rman/orcl.rman
# cat /opt/oracle/rman/orcl.rman
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 6 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure backup optimization on;
configure device type disk parallelism 4 backup type to compressed backupset;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/opt/oracle/backup/rman/%F.ctl';
sql 'alter system switch logfile';
backup full database format '/opt/oracle/backup/rman/df_%t_%s_%p.bak' tag='full' include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/opt/oracle/backup/rman/arc_%U_%s.bak' delete all input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
exit
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE; RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 TABLESPACE SYSTEM DATAFILE 'ora_home/oradata/ tools01.dbf'; RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL = 1 CUMULATIVE TABLESPACE users;
网上发现的脚步，署名不详
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup full tag 'dbfull' format '/u01/oradata/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup filesperset 3 format '/u01/oradata/backup/arch%u_%s_%p' archivelog all delete input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
零级备份脚本
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 tag ‘db0’ format ‘/u01/oradata/backup/db0%u_%s_%p’ database skip readonly;
sql ‘alter system archive log current’;
backup filesperset 3 format ‘/u01/oradata/backup/arch%u_%s_%p’ archivelog all delete input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
一级备份脚本
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 tag ‘db1’ format ‘/u01/oradata/backup/db1%u_%s_%p’ database skip readonly;
sql ‘alter system archive log current’;
backup filesperset 3 format ‘/u01/oradata/backup/arch%u_%s_%p’ archivelog all delete input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
网上发现的脚步，没有署名，我也没有测试过，仅供参考
do_rman.sh
#!/bin/bash
#set env
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
TARGET_SID=$TARGET_SID
RMAN_SID=$RMAN_SID
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
DATE=`date +%w`
DATE_2=`date +%Y%m%d`
BACKUP_PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/rman/backup
LEVEL=$@
BIN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin
# Delete the data backuped last time
rm -rf $BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/*
if [ $# != 1 ]; then
echo "usage: do_rman.sh n
where n is the rman backup level(0,1,2 is permitted)."
exit 1
fi
if [ $@ -ne 0 -a $@ -ne 1 -a $@ -ne 2 ]; then
echo "usage: do_rman.sh n
where n is the rman backup level(Only 0,1,2 is permitted)."
exit 2
fi
echo "[do_rman] rman is starting."
if [ $LEVEL = 0 ]; then
$BIN/rman log $BACKUP_PATH/log/level.$TARGET_SID.$LEVEL.$DATE_2.log < connect target /;
connect catalog rman/rman@$RMAN_SID;
resync catalog;
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of archivelog all ;
backup filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/arch.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t'(archivelog from time 'sysdate-7' all delete input) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of archivelog all ;
release channel c1 ;
}
run{
allocate channel c2 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of database ;
backup incremental level $LEVEL filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/data.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t'(database include current controlfile) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of database ;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
release channel c2 ;
}
exit;
EOF
else
$BIN/rman log $BACKUP_PATH/log/level.$TARGET_SID.$LEVEL.$DATE_2.log < connect target sys/sys202;
connect catalog rman/rman@$RMAN_SID;
resync catalog;
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of archivelog all ;
backup filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/arch.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t' (archivelog from time 'sysdate-1' all) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of archivelog all ;
release channel c1 ;
}
run{
allocate channel c2 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of database ;
backup incremental level $LEVEL filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/data.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t' (database include current controlfile) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of database ;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
release channel c2 ;
}
exit;
EOF
fi
echo "[do_rman] rman is success."
%rman target=rman/rman@mydb RMAN> startup nomount RMAN> restore database; RMAN> recover database; RMAN> alter database open;
网上找到的文档，署名不详，我没有测试过是否可以运行
设定参数:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/arch/rman/controlfile%F.ctnl';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/arch/rman/full%t.bak';
数据库rman 全备
rman>backup database plus archivelog delete input;
备份产生的三个文件
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7143424 Jan 28 18:05 controlfilec-2719028776-20100128-01.ctnl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 41074688 Jan 28 18:03 full709495428.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 763379712 Jan 28 18:05 full709495432.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17920 Jan 28 18:05 full709495518.bak
rman恢复
------------------
1、启动数据库到 nomount 状态
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount
2、spfile 恢复
$rman nocatalog
rman> connect target /
run {
allocate channel c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK format '/arch/rman/controlfile%F.ctnl';
restore spfile to pfile '/arch/pfile.ora' from '/arch/rman/controlfilec-2719028776-20100128-01.ctnl';
release channel c1;
}
3、控制文件恢复
run {
allocate channel c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK format '/arch/rman/controlfile%F.ctnl';
restore controlfile from '/arch/rman/controlfilec-2719028776-20100128-01.ctnl';
release channel c1;
}
4、全库恢复
在恢复控制文件的情况下，可以修改数据到 mount状态，进行全库的恢复
rman> alter database mount;
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/arch/rman/full%t.bak';
restore database;
release channel c1;
}
5、恢复archivelog
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/arch/rman/full%t.bak';
restore archivelog all;
}
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/arch/rman/full%t.bak';
restore archivelog from logseq=72 until logseq=73;
}
6、redolog 恢复
SQL>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
SQL>alter database open resetlogs; //现在有redolog 产生了，还有temp表空间文件也生成了或者分开两步执行
SQL>select * from dual;
全库成功恢复
# find /opt/oracle/rman/ -type f -mtime 1 -printf "%CY-%Cm-%Cd %Cr %s %f\n" tar --newer="2011-07-04" -zcvf backup.tar.gz /opt/oracle/rman/ find /opt/oracle/rman/ -type f -mtime 1 | xargs tar zcvf oracle_2011-07-04.tgz rsync -azP `find /opt/oracle/rman/ -type f -mtime 1` test@172.16.0.5:/home/test