Home | 简体中文 | 繁体中文 | 杂文 | Github | 知乎专栏 | 51CTO学院 | CSDN程序员研修院 | OSChina 博客 | 腾讯云社区 | 阿里云栖社区 | Facebook | Linkedin | Youtube | 打赏(Donations) | About
6.10. ConfigMap
上一页 第 6 章 Kubernetes 集群管理 下一页
知乎专栏 ｜ 多维度架构

6.10. ConfigMap

ConfigMap 用于保存配置数据的键值，也可以用来保存配置文件。

6.10.1. 创建 Key-Value 配置项

从key-value字符串创建ConfigMap

		
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap config --from-literal=nickname=netkiller
configmap/config created		
		
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl get configmap config -o go-template='{{.data}}'
map[nickname:netkiller]

创建多个KV对

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap user --from-literal=username=neo --from-literal=nickname=netkiller --from-literal=age=35
configmap/user created

neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl get configmap user -o go-template='{{.data}}'                                                        
map[age:35 nickname:netkiller username:neo]%  			
			
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap db-config --from-literal=db.host=172.16.0.10 --from-literal=db.port='3306' 
configmap/db-config created
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl describe configmap db-config                                                  
Name:         db-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
db.port:
----
3306
db.host:
----
172.16.0.10
Events:  <none>

6.10.2. 从文件创建 ConfigMap

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap passwd --from-file=/etc/passwd
configmap/passwd created

neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl describe configmap passwd                      
Name:         passwd
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
passwd:
----
##
# User Database
# 
# Note that this file is consulted directly only when the system is running
# in single-user mode.  At other times this information is provided by
# Open Directory.
#
# See the opendirectoryd(8) man page for additional information about
# Open Directory.
##
nobody:*:-2:-2:Unprivileged User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
root:*:0:0:System Administrator:/var/root:/bin/sh
daemon:*:1:1:System Services:/var/root:/usr/bin/false
_uucp:*:4:4:Unix to Unix Copy Protocol:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/uucico
_taskgated:*:13:13:Task Gate Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_networkd:*:24:24:Network Services:/var/networkd:/usr/bin/false
_installassistant:*:25:25:Install Assistant:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_lp:*:26:26:Printing Services:/var/spool/cups:/usr/bin/false
_postfix:*:27:27:Postfix Mail Server:/var/spool/postfix:/usr/bin/false
_scsd:*:31:31:Service Configuration Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_ces:*:32:32:Certificate Enrollment Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_appstore:*:33:33:Mac App Store Service:/var/db/appstore:/usr/bin/false
_mcxalr:*:54:54:MCX AppLaunch:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_appleevents:*:55:55:AppleEvents Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_geod:*:56:56:Geo Services Daemon:/var/db/geod:/usr/bin/false
_devdocs:*:59:59:Developer Documentation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_sandbox:*:60:60:Seatbelt:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_mdnsresponder:*:65:65:mDNSResponder:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_ard:*:67:67:Apple Remote Desktop:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_www:*:70:70:World Wide Web Server:/Library/WebServer:/usr/bin/false
_eppc:*:71:71:Apple Events User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_cvs:*:72:72:CVS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_svn:*:73:73:SVN Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_mysql:*:74:74:MySQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_sshd:*:75:75:sshd Privilege separation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_qtss:*:76:76:QuickTime Streaming Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_cyrus:*:77:6:Cyrus Administrator:/var/imap:/usr/bin/false
_mailman:*:78:78:Mailman List Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_appserver:*:79:79:Application Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_clamav:*:82:82:ClamAV Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false
_amavisd:*:83:83:AMaViS Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false
_jabber:*:84:84:Jabber XMPP Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_appowner:*:87:87:Application Owner:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_windowserver:*:88:88:WindowServer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_spotlight:*:89:89:Spotlight:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_tokend:*:91:91:Token Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_securityagent:*:92:92:SecurityAgent:/var/db/securityagent:/usr/bin/false
_calendar:*:93:93:Calendar:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_teamsserver:*:94:94:TeamsServer:/var/teamsserver:/usr/bin/false
_update_sharing:*:95:-2:Update Sharing:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_installer:*:96:-2:Installer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_atsserver:*:97:97:ATS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_ftp:*:98:-2:FTP Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_unknown:*:99:99:Unknown User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_softwareupdate:*:200:200:Software Update Service:/var/db/softwareupdate:/usr/bin/false
_coreaudiod:*:202:202:Core Audio Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_screensaver:*:203:203:Screensaver:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_locationd:*:205:205:Location Daemon:/var/db/locationd:/usr/bin/false
_trustevaluationagent:*:208:208:Trust Evaluation Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_timezone:*:210:210:AutoTimeZoneDaemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_lda:*:211:211:Local Delivery Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_cvmsroot:*:212:212:CVMS Root:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_usbmuxd:*:213:213:iPhone OS Device Helper:/var/db/lockdown:/usr/bin/false
_dovecot:*:214:6:Dovecot Administrator:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_dpaudio:*:215:215:DP Audio:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_postgres:*:216:216:PostgreSQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krbtgt:*:217:-2:Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_kadmin_admin:*:218:-2:Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_kadmin_changepw:*:219:-2:Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_devicemgr:*:220:220:Device Management Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_webauthserver:*:221:221:Web Auth Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_netbios:*:222:222:NetBIOS:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_warmd:*:224:224:Warm Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_dovenull:*:227:227:Dovecot Authentication:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_netstatistics:*:228:228:Network Statistics Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_avbdeviced:*:229:-2:Ethernet AVB Device Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krb_krbtgt:*:230:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krb_kadmin:*:231:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krb_changepw:*:232:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krb_kerberos:*:233:-2:Open Directory Kerberos:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_krb_anonymous:*:234:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Anonymous:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_assetcache:*:235:235:Asset Cache Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_coremediaiod:*:236:236:Core Media IO Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_launchservicesd:*:239:239:_launchservicesd:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_iconservices:*:240:240:IconServices:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_distnote:*:241:241:DistNote:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_nsurlsessiond:*:242:242:NSURLSession Daemon:/var/db/nsurlsessiond:/usr/bin/false
_displaypolicyd:*:244:244:Display Policy Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_astris:*:245:245:Astris Services:/var/db/astris:/usr/bin/false
_krbfast:*:246:-2:Kerberos FAST Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_gamecontrollerd:*:247:247:Game Controller Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_mbsetupuser:*:248:248:Setup User:/var/setup:/bin/bash
_ondemand:*:249:249:On Demand Resource Daemon:/var/db/ondemand:/usr/bin/false
_xserverdocs:*:251:251:macOS Server Documents Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_wwwproxy:*:252:252:WWW Proxy:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_mobileasset:*:253:253:MobileAsset User:/var/ma:/usr/bin/false
_findmydevice:*:254:254:Find My Device Daemon:/var/db/findmydevice:/usr/bin/false
_datadetectors:*:257:257:DataDetectors:/var/db/datadetectors:/usr/bin/false
_captiveagent:*:258:258:captiveagent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_ctkd:*:259:259:ctkd Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_applepay:*:260:260:applepay Account:/var/db/applepay:/usr/bin/false
_hidd:*:261:261:HID Service User:/var/db/hidd:/usr/bin/false
_cmiodalassistants:*:262:262:CoreMedia IO Assistants User:/var/db/cmiodalassistants:/usr/bin/false
_analyticsd:*:263:263:Analytics Daemon:/var/db/analyticsd:/usr/bin/false
_fpsd:*:265:265:FPS Daemon:/var/db/fpsd:/usr/bin/false
_timed:*:266:266:Time Sync Daemon:/var/db/timed:/usr/bin/false
_nearbyd:*:268:268:Proximity and Ranging Daemon:/var/db/nearbyd:/usr/bin/false
_reportmemoryexception:*:269:269:ReportMemoryException:/var/db/reportmemoryexception:/usr/bin/false
_driverkit:*:270:270:DriverKit:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_diskimagesiod:*:271:271:DiskImages IO Daemon:/var/db/diskimagesiod:/usr/bin/false
_logd:*:272:272:Log Daemon:/var/db/diagnostics:/usr/bin/false
_appinstalld:*:273:273:App Install Daemon:/var/db/appinstalld:/usr/bin/false
_installcoordinationd:*:274:274:Install Coordination Daemon:/var/db/installcoordinationd:/usr/bin/false
_demod:*:275:275:Demo Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_rmd:*:277:277:Remote Management Daemon:/var/db/rmd:/usr/bin/false
_fud:*:278:278:Firmware Update Daemon:/var/db/fud:/usr/bin/false
_knowledgegraphd:*:279:279:Knowledge Graph Daemon:/var/db/knowledgegraphd:/usr/bin/false
_coreml:*:280:280:CoreML Services:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false
_oahd:*:441:441:OAH Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false

Events:  <none>

处理多个文件

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap apache-httpd --from-file=/etc/apache2/httpd.conf --from-file=/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
configmap/apache-httpd created

处理目录内的所有文件

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap apache-httpd-users --from-file=/etc/apache2/users             
configmap/apache-httpd-users created

6.10.3. 从环境变量文件创建 ConfigMap

			
cat <<EOF > /tmp/test.env
username=neo
nickname=netkiller
age=38
sex=Y
EOF
			
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % cat <<EOF > /tmp/test.env
username=neo
nickname=netkiller
age=38
sex=Y
EOF
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % cat /tmp/test.env 
username=neo
nickname=netkiller
age=38
sex=Y
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl create configmap env-config --from-env-file=/tmp/test.env          
configmap/env-config created

6.10.4. 查看 ConfigMap

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl get configmap                                       
NAME             DATA   AGE
config           1      52s			
			
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl describe configmap config
Name:         config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
nickname:
----
netkiller
Events:  <none>			
			
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl get configmap config -o yaml 
apiVersion: v1
data:
  nickname: netkiller
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-10-02T05:05:59Z"
  managedFields:
  - apiVersion: v1
    fieldsType: FieldsV1
    fieldsV1:
      f:data:
        .: {}
        f:nickname: {}
    manager: kubectl-create
    operation: Update
    time: "2020-10-02T05:05:59Z"
  name: config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "18065"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/config
  uid: 35381fa6-681b-417a-afc1-f45fdff5406d			
			
			

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl get configmap user -o json                   
{
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "data": {
        "age": "35",
        "nickname": "netkiller",
        "username": "neo"
    },
    "kind": "ConfigMap",
    "metadata": {
        "creationTimestamp": "2020-10-02T05:13:09Z",
        "managedFields": [
            {
                "apiVersion": "v1",
                "fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
                "fieldsV1": {
                    "f:data": {
                        ".": {},
                        "f:age": {},
                        "f:nickname": {},
                        "f:username": {}
                    }
                },
                "manager": "kubectl-create",
                "operation": "Update",
                "time": "2020-10-02T05:13:09Z"
            }
        ],
        "name": "user",
        "namespace": "default",
        "resourceVersion": "18381",
        "selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/user",
        "uid": "51e3aa61-21cf-4ed1-871c-ac7119aec7a1"
    }
}

6.10.5. 删除 ConfigMap

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % kubectl delete -n default configmap config
configmap "config" deleted

6.10.6. ConfigMap

Key-Value 配置
			
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: db-config
  namespace: default
data:
  db.host: 172.16.0.10
  db.port: '3306'
  db.user: neo
  db.pass: chen

创建配置

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/tmp/kubernetes % kubectl create -f key-value.yaml
configmap/db-config created

将配置项保存到文件

			
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "cat /usr/local/etc/config/db.host" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /usr/local/etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: db-config
  restartPolicy: Never

定义多组配置项

			
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: spring-cloud-config
  namespace: default
data:
  config: |
    spring.security.user=config
    spring.security.user=passw0rd
  euerka: |
    spring.security.user=eureka
    spring.security.user=passw0rd
  gateway: |
    spring.security.user=gateway
    spring.security.user=passw0rd
Secret

制作私钥证书

			
openssl genrsa -out ingress.key 2048

制作公钥证书

			
openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ingress.key -out ingress.crt

生成 BASE64

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops/demo % base64 ingress.crt 
LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSURhRENDQWxBQ0NRRFdsVG0x……
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/devops/demo % base64 ingress.key
LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBSU0EgUFJJVkFURSBLRVktLS0tLQpNSUlFb3dJQkFBS0NBUUVB……
			
				
			
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: tls
  namespace: development
data:
  tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSURhRENDQWxBQ0NRRFdsVG0x……
  tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBSU0EgUFJJVkFURSBLRVktLS0tLQpNSUlFb3dJQkFBS0NBUUVB……
环境变量

envFrom 可将 ConfigMap 中的配置项定义为容器环境变量

			
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: neo-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      envFrom:
      - configMapRef:
          name: special-config
  restartPolicy: Never

引用单个配置项使用 valueFrom

			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/tmp/kubernetes % cat key-value.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: db-config
  namespace: default
data:
  db.host: 172.16.0.10
  db.port: '3306'		
  db.user: neo
  db.pass: chen
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      env:
        - name: DBHOST
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: db-config
              key: db.host
        - name: DBPORT
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: db-config
              key: db.port
  restartPolicy: Never				
			
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/tmp/kubernetes % kubectl create -f key-value.yaml
configmap/db-config created
pod/test-pod created
配置文件

定义配置

		
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: redis-config
  labels:
    app: redis
data:
  redis.conf: |-
    pidfile /var/lib/redis/redis.pid
    dir /var/lib/redis
    port 6379
    bind 0.0.0.0
    appendonly yes
    protected-mode no
    requirepass 123456

引用配置

		
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis
  labels:
    app: redis
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: redis
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: redis:5.0.8
        command: 
          - "sh"
          - "-c"
          - "redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6379
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1000m
            memory: 1024Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 1000m
            memory: 1024Mi
        livenessProbe:
          tcpSocket:
            port: 6379
          initialDelaySeconds: 300
          timeoutSeconds: 1
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 3
        readinessProbe:
          tcpSocket:
            port: 6379
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 3
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /data
        - name: config
          mountPath:  /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
          subPath: redis.conf
      volumes:
      - name: data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: redis
      - name: config
        configMap:
          name: redis-config
		
				
			
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","find /etc/config/" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: special-config
        items:
        - key: special.how
          path: path/to/special-key
  restartPolicy: Never
上一页 上一级 下一页
6.9. secret 密钥管理 起始页 6.11. Job/CronJob