知乎专栏 | 多维度架构 |
在没有条件安装虚拟机也没有多台服务器的情况下我们可以使用一台服务器运行多个实例的方法也可以实现多个节点运行环境。
cd ~ mkdir -p ethereum cd ethereum mkdir data{1,2}
创建文件 genesis.json
{ "nonce": "0x0000000000000042", "difficulty": "0x020000", "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "timestamp": "0x00", "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa", "gasLimit": "0x4c4b40", "config": { "chainId": 15, "homesteadBlock": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0 }, "alloc": { } }
geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data1 init genesis.json geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data1" --networkid 123456 --port 30301 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8541
启动后终端输出
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data1 init genesis.json WARN [02-02|22:09:56] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Writing custom genesis block INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=611596…424d04 INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [02-02|22:09:57] Writing custom genesis block INFO [02-02|22:09:57] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=611596…424d04 neo@netkiller ~ % geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data1" --networkid 123456 --port 30301 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" -rpcport 8541 WARN [02-02|22:36:02] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Engine: unknown}" INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/ethash count=3 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/home/neo/.ethash count=2 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=123456 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded local transaction journal transactions=0 dropped=0 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0 INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Starting P2P networking INFO [02-02|22:36:05] UDP listener up self=enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@14.103.209.119:30301 INFO [02-02|22:36:05] HTTP endpoint opened: http://0.0.0.0:8541 INFO [02-02|22:36:05] IPC endpoint opened: /home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth.ipc INFO [02-02|22:36:05] RLPx listener up self=enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@14.103.209.119:30301 INFO [02-02|22:36:05] Mapped network port proto=udp extport=30301 intport=30301 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1" INFO [02-02|22:36:07] Mapped network port proto=tcp extport=30301 intport=30301 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"
geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data2 init genesis.json geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data2" --networkid 123456 --port 30302 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8542
启动后控制台输出与实例一类似
开启一个新终端窗口,运行下面命令查看节点一的 enode 字符串
geth --exec 'admin.nodeInfo.enode' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc "enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30301?discport=0"
进入节点二,并连接到节点一。
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 > admin.addPeer("enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30302") true > admin.addPeer("enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30301") true
查看节点
> admin.peers [{ caps: ["eth/63"], id: "53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062", name: "Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5", network: { localAddress: "[::1]:51250", remoteAddress: "[::1]:30301" }, protocols: { eth: { difficulty: 131072, head: "0x611596e7979cd4e7ca1531260fa706093a5492ecbdf58f20a39545397e424d04", version: 63 } } }]
至此,节点已经添加完毕。
> exit
退出
这里我们实现两个节点间的以太币转账。
现在两个节点上都没有任何账号
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc [] neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc []
在两个节点上分别创建两个账号,一个是矿工账号,另一个是普通账号。
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc "0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72" neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc "0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0" neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc ["0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72", "0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0"] neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc "0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565" neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d" neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc ["0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565", "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d"]
启动挖矿
geth --exec 'miner.start(1)' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc geth --exec 'miner.start(1)' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
如果正常运行,两个节点上的矿工账号都会有一定的以太币。而普通账号额度应该为零。
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 299438256000000000000 neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 0 neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 298000056000000000000 neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc 0
我们尝试从节点一矿工账号向节点二上的普通用户转账。
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5 coinbase: 0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72 at block: 144 (Fri, 02 Feb 2018 23:24:35 HST) datadir: /home/neo/ethereum/data1 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 > personal.listAccounts ["0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72"] > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "abc123") true > eth.sendTransaction({from: "0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72", to: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d", value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")}) "0x87c059d0769c8a74499ddd08c04a10f23b7681651615a28098d73ec63a943684" > eth.pendingTransactions [{ blockHash: null, blockNumber: null, from: "0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72", gas: 90000, gasPrice: 18000000000, hash: "0x87c059d0769c8a74499ddd08c04a10f23b7681651615a28098d73ec63a943684", input: "0x", nonce: 2, r: "0xce004f964f268a00e90cadd4e8a685131aa34f37144f7e2e47dc7fe4ec784e55", s: "0x412209c18513a28422e62c4bdb85a223f190e133cf71990a87c570a3a53ae093", to: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d", transactionIndex: 0, v: "0x41", value: 1000000000000000000 }]
稍后一会,当使用 eth.pendingTransactions 查看挂起交易为空的时候,表示已经处理完毕。这时退出控制台。
> eth.pendingTransactions [] > exit
现在查看节点二上的第二个普通账号余额
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc 1000000000000000000
转账成功
现在我们从节点二上的普通用户向节点一上的普通用户转账。
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5 coinbase: 0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565 at block: 319 (Fri, 02 Feb 2018 23:50:07 HST) datadir: /home/neo/ethereum/data2 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[1], "abc123") true > eth.sendTransaction({from: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d", to: "0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0", value: web3.toWei(0.1, "ether")}) "0x951bd161dfd000ff825379cb0644c4acd4afd4d3e1ac4f4c1c6009b3c2a1d366" > eth.pendingTransactions [] > exit
查看两个普通账号的余额
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 100000000000000000 neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc 899622000000000000