UriComponents https = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance()
                .scheme("https")
                .host("www.netkiller.cn")
                .port("8080")
                .path("/article")
                .queryParam("id", "9527")
                .encode(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
                .build();

        log.info(https.toUriString());		
		
		

URL 解析

		
String httpUrl = "https://www.netkiller.cn:8080/article?id=9527";		
UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(httpUrl).build();

提取协议头
String scheme = uriComponents.getScheme();
// scheme = https
System.out.println("scheme = " + scheme);

获取host操作。
String host = uriComponents.getHost();
// host = felord.cn
System.out.println("host = " + host);

提取 Port 端口。

int port = uriComponents.getPort();
// port = -1
System.out.println("port = " + port);
但是很奇怪的是上面的是 -1,很多人误以为会是80。其实 Http 协议确实是80，但是java.net.URL#getPort()规定，若 URL 的实例未申明（省略）端口号，则返回值为-1。所以当返回了-1就等同于80，但是 URL 中不直接体现它们。

提取 Path 路径
String path = uriComponents.getPath();
// path = /spring-security/{article}
System.out.println("path = " + path);

提取 Query 参数

String query = uriComponents.getQuery();
// query = version=1&timestamp=123123325
System.out.println("query = " + query);
更加合理的提取方式：

MultiValueMap<String, String> queryParams = uriComponents.getQueryParams();
// queryParams = {version=[1], timestamp=[123123325]}
System.out.println("queryParams = " + queryParams);
		
		

fromPath

			
String endpoint = "/employees";
        
UriComponentsBuilder uriBuilder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromPath(endpoint)
    .queryParam("param1", "value1")
    .queryParam("param2", "value2");

webClient.post()
        .uri(uriBuilder.build().toUri())
        .bodyValue(new Employee(...))
        .retrieve()
        .bodyToMono(Employee.class);
			
		

替换变量

		
        UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance()
                .scheme("https")
                .host("www.netkiller.cn")
                .port("8080")
                .path("/article/{category}")
                .queryParam("id", "9527")
                .encode(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
                .build();

        UriComponents expand = uriComponents.expand("story");

        log.info(expand.toUriString());
        # https://www.netkiller.cn:8080/article/story?id=9527
        
        UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance()
                .scheme("https")
                .host("www.netkiller.cn")
                .port("8080")
                .path("/book/{chapter}/{section}")
                .queryParam("id", "9527")
                .encode(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
                .build();
        UriComponents expand = uriComponents.expand(Map.of("chapter", "chapter1", "section", "section2"));

        log.info(expand.toUriString());
        # https://www.netkiller.cn:8080/book/chapter1/section2?id=9527        
		
		

fragment

		
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;

public class UriBuilderExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Base URI
        String baseUri = "https://www.example.com";

        // 构建 URI
        UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(baseUri);

        // 添加路径变量: https://www.example.com/users/{userId}
        builder.path("/users/{userId}");

        // 添加查询参数: https://www.example.com/users/{userId}?name=John&age=30
        builder.queryParam("name", "John")
                .queryParam("age", 30);

        // 添加片段，https://www.example.com/users/{userId}?name=John&age=30#profile
        builder.fragment("profile");

        // 构建最终的 URI，替换 url 中的路径变量：https://www.example.com/users/123?name=John&age=30#profile
        String finalUri = builder.buildAndExpand("123").toUriString();

        System.out.println("Final URI: " + finalUri);
    }
}