| 知乎专栏 |
查看远程仓库
git remote show origin
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~> git remote -v origin git@192.168.30.5:netkiller.cn/www.netkiller.cn.git (fetch) origin git@192.168.30.5:netkiller.cn/www.netkiller.cn.git (push)
neo@MacBook-Pro-M2 ~/netkiller (dev)> git remote get-url origin ssh://git@gitlab.netkiller.cn/galaxy/ensd-fscs.git
neo@MacBook-Pro-M2 ~/w/test (master)> git ls-remote --get-url origin ssh://git@gitlab.netkiller.cn:/chenjingfeng/test.git
添加远程仓库
git remote add origin git@localhost:example.git
添加多个远程仓库
git remote add origin git@localhost:example.git git remote add another https://gitcafe.com/netkiller/netkiller.gitcafe.com.git git push origin master git push another master
git remote rename origin old-origin
修改远程仓库
git remote set-url origin git@gitlab.netkiller.cn:netkiller.cn/www.netkiller.cn.git git remote set-url origin https://gitlab.netkiller.cn/netkiller.cn/www.netkiller.cn.git
准备一台服务器
首先创建一个名为 git 用户
[git@netkiller ~]$ sudo adduser git
然后给 git 用户设置一个密码，当然你也可以不用密码，使用SSH证书登陆，将需要登陆 git 服务器的公钥证书添加到 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件
[git@netkiller ~]$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABgQDJi+vHwfOhm4hx2UWn5knfBe/k6d9K2aXOHhUVP43uSBlg8wmW/YVwoJo8B/XY3KqGFxxWyd1AVP6J273UBik= neo@MacBook-Pro-M2.local ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABlcFRWoBigBw7HwrszParVuJjP3wyJeOdNSevcgjG2ql985Vg3TXi2i2tNXQQeJGXwgWaDPsnowJtuGrnIXUw0bQa/iuBiMF40= neo@netkiller ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABlcFRWoBigBw7HwPsnowJtuGrnMF40rszParVuJjP3wyJIXUw0bQa/iuBieOdNSevcgjG2ql985Vg3TXi2i2tNXQQeJGXwgWaD= neo@Macmini-M4.local [git@netkiller ~]$ ll .ssh/ total 16 -rw------- 1 git git 1145 Oct 10 11:19 authorized_keys -rw------- 1 git git 2603 Oct 10 11:19 id_rsa -rw------- 1 git git 1774 Oct 10 11:19 known_hosts
注意 authorized_keys 文件的权限
登陆 git 服务器
ssh git@git.netkiller.cn
创建一个共享仓库
[git@netkiller ~]$ sudo mkdir example.git [git@netkiller ~]$ cd example.git [git@netkiller example.git]$ sudo git --bare init [git@netkiller example.git]$ Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/example.git/
注意，与本地仓库不同，这里需要使用 --bare 选项。
创建分支，设置默认分支，这里使用 main 作为默认分支，当然你也可以使用 master
[git@netkiller example.git]$ git branch -m main [git@netkiller example.git]$ git config --global init.defaultBranch main
致辞 git server 部分已经完成
下面你可以测试一下 git 服务器的工作情况
neo@Neo-Mac-mini-M4 workspace % git clone git@git.netkiller.cn:example.git Cloning into 'example'... Warning: Permanently added 'git.netkiller.cn' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts. warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
如果是已存在的git 仓库，可以使用 git remote add origin git@REMOTE_SERVER:example.git 修改
touch README git add README git commit -m 'first commit' git remote add origin git@REMOTE_SERVER:example.git git push origin master
在/home/gitroot/ 上运行 git 守护进程
$ cd /home/gitroot $ mkdir test.git $ cd test.git $ git --bare init --shared Initialized empty shared Git repository in /home/gitroot/test.git/
git daemon --verbose --export-all --base-path=/home/gitroot --enable=receive-pack --reuseaddr
允许push,否则该仓库只能clone/pull
sudo git daemon --verbose --export-all --base-path=/home/gitroot --enable=upload-pack --enable=upload-archive --enable=receive-pack
或者增加配置项
$ git config daemon.receivepack true $ git config --file config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore
for a read-only repo:
$ sudo apt-get install git-daemon-sysvinit $ dpkg -l git-daemon-sysvinit Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-========================-================================================================================== ii git-daemon-sysvinit 1:1.7.10.4-1ubuntu1 all fast, scalable, distributed revision control system (git-daemon service) $ dpkg -L git-daemon-sysvinit /. /usr /usr/share /usr/share/git-core /usr/share/git-core/sysvinit /usr/share/git-core/sysvinit/sentinel /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-sysvinit /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-sysvinit/copyright /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-sysvinit/README.Debian /etc /etc/default /etc/default/git-daemon /etc/init.d /etc/init.d/git-daemon /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-sysvinit/changelog.Debian.gz
配置 /etc/default/git-daemon 文件
过程 119.2. git-daemon
/etc/shells
/etc/shells 最后一行添加 '/usr/bin/git-shell'
$ grep git /etc/shells /usr/bin/git-shell
add new user 'git' and 'gitroot' for git
you need to assign shell with /usr/bin/git-shell
$ sudo adduser git --shell /usr/bin/git-shell $ sudo adduser gitroot --ingroup git --shell /bin/bash
/etc/passwd
$ grep git /etc/passwd git:x:1001:1002:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell gitroot:x:1002:1002:,,,:/home/gitroot:/bin/bash
/etc/services
$ grep 9418 /etc/services git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System
/etc/inet.conf
$ grep git /etc/inet.conf git stream tcp nowait nobody \ /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --syslog --export-all /home/gitroot
reload inetd
$ sudo pkill -HUP inetd
xinetd
目前的Linux逐渐使用xinetd.d替代inet.conf，如Redhat系列已经不再使用inet.conf, Ubuntu系列发行版已经不预装inet与xinetd
$ apt-cache search xinetd globus-gfork-progs - Globus Toolkit - GFork Programs rlinetd - gruesomely over-featured inetd replacement update-inetd - inetd configuration file updater xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements $ sudo apt-get install xinetd
/etc/xinetd.d/
$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git
# default: off
# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
service git
{
disable = no
type = UNLISTED
port = 9418
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
user = gitroot
server = /usr/bin/git
server_args = daemon --inetd --export-all --enable=receive-pack --reuseaddr --base-path=/home/gitroot
log_on_failure += USERID
}
reload xinitd
$ sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd reload * Reloading internet superserver configuration xinetd [ OK ]
$ sudo apt-get install git-daemon-run
安装后会创建下面两个用户
$ cat /etc/passwd | grep git gitlog:x:117:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false gitdaemon:x:118:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
git-daemon-run 包携带的文件
$ dpkg -L git-daemon-run /. /etc /etc/sv /etc/sv/git-daemon /etc/sv/git-daemon/run /etc/sv/git-daemon/log /etc/sv/git-daemon/log/run /usr /usr/share /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-run /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-run/changelog.gz /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-run/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-run/README.Debian /usr/share/doc/git-daemon-run/copyright
同时创建下面配置文件
$ find /etc/sv/git-daemon/ /etc/sv/git-daemon/ /etc/sv/git-daemon/run /etc/sv/git-daemon/supervise /etc/sv/git-daemon/log /etc/sv/git-daemon/log/run /etc/sv/git-daemon/log/supervise
编辑/etc/sv/git-daemon/run配置
$ sudo vim /etc/sv/git-daemon/run #!/bin/sh exec 2>&1 echo 'git-daemon starting.' exec chpst -ugitdaemon \ "$(git --exec-path)"/git-daemon --verbose --reuseaddr \ --base-path=/var/cache /var/cache/git
git-daemon --verbose --reuseaddr \ --base-path=/var/cache /var/cache/git 改为 git-daemon --verbose --reuseaddr \ --enable=receive-pack --export-all --base-path=/opt/git
![[提示]](/graphics/tip.png) | 提示 |
|---|---|
|
* 我加上了一个--export-all 使用该选项后，在git仓库中就不必创建git-daemon-export-ok文件。 其他选项--enable=upload-pack --enable=upload-archive --enable=receive-pack |
/etc/services 文件中加入
# Local services git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System
确认已经加入
$ grep 9418 /etc/services
启动git-daemon
$ sudo sv stop git-daemon or $ sudo runsv git-daemon runsv git-daemon: fatal: unable to change to directory: file does not exist
扫描git端口，确认git-daemon已经启动
$ nmap localhost Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-01-31 10:45 CST Warning: Hostname localhost resolves to 2 IPs. Using 127.0.0.1. Interesting ports on localhost (127.0.0.1): Not shown: 989 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 111/tcp open rpcbind 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 1723/tcp open pptp 3128/tcp open squid-http 3306/tcp open mysql 9418/tcp open git
$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/git/example.git $ cd /opt/git/example.git $ git init $ sudo vim example.git/.git/config [receive] denyCurrentBranch = ignore $ sudo chown gitdaemon -R /opt/git/* $ touch git-daemon-export-ok
.git/config 文件应该是下面这样
$ cat example.git/.git/config [core] repositoryformatversion = 0 filemode = true bare = false logallrefupdates = true [receive] denyCurrentBranch = ignore
git-clone git://localhost/example.git
neo@deployment:/tmp$ git clone git://localhost/example.git example.git Cloning into example.git... warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository. neo@deployment:/tmp$ cd example.git/ neo@deployment:/tmp/example.git$ echo helloworld > hello.txt neo@deployment:/tmp/example.git$ git add hello.txt neo@deployment:/tmp/example.git$ git commit -m 'Initial commit' [master (root-commit) 65a0f83] Initial commit 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 hello.txt
我们添加了一些文件 push 到服务器
$ git push origin master Counting objects: 3, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 214 bytes, done. Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git://localhost/example.git * [new branch] master -> master
然后再git clone，可以看到文件数目
$ git-clone git://localhost/example.git Cloning into example... remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.