Home | 简体中文 | 繁体中文 | 杂文 | Github | 知乎专栏 | 51CTO学院 | CSDN程序员研修院 | OSChina 博客 | 腾讯云社区 | 阿里云栖社区 | Facebook | Linkedin | Youtube | 打赏(Donations) | About
22.5. package / compress and decompress
上一页 第 22 章 Shell 命令 下一页
知乎专栏 ｜ 多维度架构

22.5. package / compress and decompress

22.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

tar examples

tar

tar -cvf foo.tar foo/
       tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar

tar -xvf foo.tar
       extract foo.tar
gunzip
tar -zcvf foo.tar foo/
       tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.gz
			
tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz
       extract gzipped foo.tar.gz
b2zip
b2zip 
tar -jcvf foo.tar.bz2 foo/
       tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.bz2

tar -jxvf foo.tar.bz2
       extract b2zip foo.tar.bz2
compress
compress/uncompress 
tar -Zcvf foo.tar.Z foo/
       tar contents of folder foo in foo.tar.Z

tar -Zxvf foo.tar.Z
       extract compress foo.tar.Z
.xz 文件
			
tar -Jxf file.pkg.tar.xz
-t, --list

-t, --list list the contents of an archive

列出tar包中的文件

tar tvf neo.tar.gz
			
# mkdir -p /www/test.com/www.test.com/
# echo helloworld > /www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
# tar zcvf www.test.com.tar.gz /www/test.com/www.test.com/

# tar ztvf www.test.com.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2013-08-08 15:24 www/test.com/www.test.com/
-rw-r--r-- root/root        11 2013-08-08 15:24 www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt

# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt

# find www
www
www/test.com
www/test.com/www.test.com
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names

-P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names

$ tar -czvPf neo.tar.gz /home/neo/
$ tar -xzvPf neo.tar.gz
			
tar zcvfP www.test.com.tar.gz /www/test.com/www.test.com/
tar zxvfP www.test.com.tar.gz
-C, --directory=DIR

-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR

解压到目标目录

tar -xzvf neo.tar.gz -C /tmp
			
# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz -C /tmp
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt

# find /tmp/www/
/tmp/www/
/tmp/www/test.com
/tmp/www/test.com/www.test.com
/tmp/www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt



# rm -rf /www/test.com/*

# tar zxvf www.test.com.tar.gz -C /
www/test.com/www.test.com/
www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt

# find /www/test.com/
/www/test.com/
/www/test.com/www.test.com
/www/test.com/www.test.com/test.txt
--exclude

排除neo目录

tar --exclude /home/neo -zcvf myfile.tar.gz /home/* /etc

tar zcvf rpmbuild/SOURCES/netkiller-1.0.tar.gz ~/workspace/public_html/* --exclude .git --exclude .svn
-T 
find . -name "*.jpg" -print >list
tar -T list -czvf picture.tar.gz

find /etc/ | tar czvf xxx1.tar.gz -T -
日期过滤

打包 2010/08/01 之后的文件和目录

tar -N '2010/08/01' -zcvf home.tar.gz /home
保留权限
tar -zxvpf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc
-r, --append

追加最近7天更改过的文件

find / -type f -mtime -7 | xargs tar -rf weekly_incremental.tar
远程传输
tar -jcpvf - file | ssh remote "tar -jxpvf -" 
tar -jcpvf - file.php | ssh root@172.16.3.1 "tar -jxpvf -"
分卷压缩
分卷压缩一个目录：如doc

在doc目录的上次目录

#tar cvf doc | split -b 2m (已2M大小分卷压缩)
#cat x* > doc.tar (合成分卷压缩包)

或者

#tar czvf doc.tar.gz doc/
#tar czvfp - doc.tar.gz | split -b 5m
#cat x* > doc.tar.gz

查看压缩包里面的内容:

#tar -tf doc.tar
#tar -tzvf doc.tar.gz

22.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives

		
find /opt -print | cpio -o > opt.cpio

find . -type f -name '*.sh' -print | cpio -o | gzip >sh.cpio.gz

cpio –i < opt.cpio

22.5.3. gzip

gzip/gunzip 
# ls access.2010-{10,11}-??.log
access.2010-10-01.log  access.2010-10-17.log  access.2010-11-02.log  access.2010-11-18.log
access.2010-10-02.log  access.2010-10-18.log  access.2010-11-03.log  access.2010-11-19.log
access.2010-10-03.log  access.2010-10-19.log  access.2010-11-04.log  access.2010-11-20.log
access.2010-10-04.log  access.2010-10-20.log  access.2010-11-05.log  access.2010-11-21.log
access.2010-10-05.log  access.2010-10-21.log  access.2010-11-06.log  access.2010-11-22.log
access.2010-10-06.log  access.2010-10-22.log  access.2010-11-07.log  access.2010-11-23.log
access.2010-10-07.log  access.2010-10-23.log  access.2010-11-08.log  access.2010-11-24.log
access.2010-10-08.log  access.2010-10-24.log  access.2010-11-09.log  access.2010-11-25.log
access.2010-10-09.log  access.2010-10-25.log  access.2010-11-10.log  access.2010-11-26.log
access.2010-10-10.log  access.2010-10-26.log  access.2010-11-11.log  access.2010-11-27.log
access.2010-10-11.log  access.2010-10-27.log  access.2010-11-12.log  access.2010-11-28.log
access.2010-10-12.log  access.2010-10-28.log  access.2010-11-13.log  access.2010-11-29.log
access.2010-10-13.log  access.2010-10-29.log  access.2010-11-14.log  access.2010-11-30.log
access.2010-10-14.log  access.2010-10-30.log  access.2010-11-15.log
access.2010-10-15.log  access.2010-10-31.log  access.2010-11-16.log
access.2010-10-16.log  access.2010-11-01.log  access.2010-11-17.log
# gzip access.2010-{10,11}-??.log
		
		
# ls access.2010-{0?,10,11}-??.log
access.2010-08-28.log  access.2010-10-02.log  access.2010-10-13.log  access.2010-10-27.log  access.2010-11-06.log  access.2010-11-17.log  access.2010-11-26.log
access.2010-08-31.log  access.2010-10-03.log  access.2010-10-14.log  access.2010-10-28.log  access.2010-11-08.log  access.2010-11-18.log  access.2010-11-27.log
access.2010-09-24.log  access.2010-10-04.log  access.2010-10-15.log  access.2010-10-29.log  access.2010-11-09.log  access.2010-11-19.log  access.2010-11-28.log
access.2010-09-25.log  access.2010-10-06.log  access.2010-10-17.log  access.2010-10-30.log  access.2010-11-10.log  access.2010-11-20.log  access.2010-11-29.log
access.2010-09-26.log  access.2010-10-07.log  access.2010-10-19.log  access.2010-10-31.log  access.2010-11-11.log  access.2010-11-21.log  access.2010-11-30.log
access.2010-09-27.log  access.2010-10-08.log  access.2010-10-20.log  access.2010-11-02.log  access.2010-11-12.log  access.2010-11-22.log
access.2010-09-29.log  access.2010-10-09.log  access.2010-10-22.log  access.2010-11-03.log  access.2010-11-14.log  access.2010-11-23.log
access.2010-09-30.log  access.2010-10-10.log  access.2010-10-23.log  access.2010-11-04.log  access.2010-11-15.log  access.2010-11-24.log
access.2010-10-01.log  access.2010-10-12.log  access.2010-10-25.log  access.2010-11-05.log  access.2010-11-16.log  access.2010-11-25.log
# gzip access.2010-{0?,10,11}-??.log &

22.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

*.zip

zip/unzip file[.zip]

压缩文件

		
zip -r dist.zip dist

解压到指定目录

		
unzip dist.zip -d /var/www/html

22.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor

		
[root@localhost src]# yum install bzip2

查看RPM包所含文件

		
[root@localhost src]# rpm -ql bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7
/usr/bin/bunzip2
/usr/bin/bzcat
/usr/bin/bzcmp
/usr/bin/bzdiff
/usr/bin/bzgrep
/usr/bin/bzip2
/usr/bin/bzip2recover
/usr/bin/bzless
/usr/bin/bzmore
/usr/share/doc/bzip2-1.0.6
/usr/share/doc/bzip2-1.0.6/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/bzip2-1.0.6/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/bzip2-1.0.6/README
/usr/share/man/man1/bunzip2.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzcat.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzcmp.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzdiff.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzgrep.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzip2.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzip2recover.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzless.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bzmore.1.gz

22.5.6. RAR

sudo apt-get install rar unrar

22.5.7. 7-Zip

p7zip - 7z file archiver with high compression ratio

http://www.7-zip.org/

如果你仅仅是解压文件，只需安装下面的包即可

$ sudo apt-get install p7zip

如果你要创建7zip文件就需要安装p7zip-full

$ sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
压缩
$ 7z a test.7z /etc/*
浏览压缩包
$ 7z l test.7z
解压
$ 7z e test.7z
Creates self extracting archive.

创建自解压文件

7z a -sfx a.7z *.txt

解压

./a.7z

22.5.8. RAR

		
$ unrar test.rar

22.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files

		
[root@localhost ~]# echo "Hello" > test		
[root@localhost ~]# xz -z test
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.xz 
-rw------- 1 root root 1436 2019-01-16 06:13 test.xz
[root@localhost ~]# xz -d test.xz 
[root@localhost ~]# cat test
Hello

tar 用法

		
[root@localhost ~]# tar Jcvf test.tar.xz test
test
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.tar.xz 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1528 2019-03-19 04:32 test.tar.xz

[root@localhost ~]# tar Jxvf test.tar.xz 
test
上一页 上一级 下一页
22.4. 目录和文件 起始页 22.6. 日期和时间